Textile Fabrics & Its Types

WHAT IS FABRIC ?

The term fabric can be defined as a planner structure produced by interlaced/interlooped yarns or fibers made by interlocking fibers. 

Fabrics are made from yarns and are constructed mostly either by weaving or knitting. Few fabrics are directly produced from fibers. Weaving Major portion of the fabrics are produced by weaving. Among the other fabric constructions, lace making is worth mentioning. Felts are fabrics made directly from fibers without making yarns.

Types of Fabric

1. WOVEN

2. KNITTED

3. NON-WOVEN

Woven Fabric

Woven fabrics are made by using two or more sets of yarn interlaced at right angles to each other. Much variety is produced by weaving. Woven fabrics are generally more durable. 

        Woven Fabric is made by interlacing of 2 sets of Yarns. Vertical   Yarns are called Warp and                 Horizontal Yarns are called Weft.

Types Of Woven Fabric

* Plain

* Twill

* Satin

Plain Weave

The simplest of all weaves is the plain weave. Each filling yarn passes alternately over and under one warp yarn. Each warp yarn passes alternately over and under each filling yarn.

Example:

Chiffon

Corduroy

Duck

Georgette

Poplin

Oxford

Twill Weave

Twill is a weave in which each warp or weft yarn floating over/under two or more weft or warp yams to form diagonal ridges across the fabric.

Example:

   Denim

   Flannel

   Drill

   Gabardine

Satin Weave

In basic constructions, satin weave woven with long float yams from 5 ends or wefts up to as many as twelve float yarns.

Example:

Damask

Amazon

Dimity

Knitted Fabric

Knitted fabrics are made by intermeshing of loops of yarn, and can be composed of any kind of fibre, yarn, stitches or patterns for apparel, home-furnishing, and industrial end-uses. 

Knitted fabrics can be divided into two general types: 

Weft knitted 

Warp knitted

Weft knitted fabrics

Weft knitted fabrics are the knitted fabric in which a yarn forms loops across the width of the fabric; they can be either hand-made or machine processed.

They are two types: Single jersey and double jersey.

Characteristics:

 * Curl easily at both ends

  * Fairly elastic

   * Smooth side is the front, while the back is rough

    * Unravel readily from both ends

      * V-shaped loops shown in the front, while semi-circular needles loops shown in the back

End uses:

Underwear, shirts, dresses, sweaters, stockings, T-shirts